Levels of interpretation

Levels of biblical interpretation as understood by Jews:

Peshat - plain
Drash - homiletical
Remez - hint/allegorical
Sod - mystical

https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/jewish-bible-commentary/
Per the above article, the peshat reading was not seen as primary until later when influence by Islam.

I believe Paul and other New Testament authors frequently use the drash level of interpretation to make rhetorical points. In those cases, it becomes more difficult to square one author's reading with the next, or even with the literal meaning of the original text. However, this reading seems to have been completely normal and the accepted way to read the Bible at that time. This tracks with ancient peoples' value on the expression of meaning over the precise recording of factual details that modern readers associate more closely with their idea of "truth."